The case centres on the 14th Meeting of the International Society on Pneumonia and Pneumococcal Diseases (ISPPD-14), held in Copenhagen from 17 to 21 May.
The allegations were first raised by Indonesian researcher Wa Ode Dwi Daningrat, who noticed that the same woman appeared to present different studies under multiple identities during the conference.
According to Wa Ode Dwi, the presenter introduced herself using different names and was unable to answer basic questions about the research. She later reported her concerns to the conference organisers.
Indonesia’s National Research and Innovation Agency said it is investigating the case together with the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology. Four individuals have been questioned, while the ministry has confirmed that law enforcement is also involved.
The allegations extend beyond false identities. Researchers suspect that some of the studies may have contained fabricated data, possibly generated using artificial intelligence. Authorities are also investigating claims that the researchers falsely listed academic affiliations and used the names of legitimate researchers without their knowledge.
The case has sparked widespread debate in Indonesia over research integrity and the growing role of AI in academic misconduct.
Researchers warned that, if the allegations are proven, the incident could damage the international reputation of Indonesian science and reduce opportunities for legitimate researchers to receive travel grants and present their work abroad.
Officials said the investigation is ongoing and that new national guidelines on the responsible use of AI in research are being prepared.
