A recent workshop in Stockholm brought together researchers and policy experts to discuss the challenges and trade-offs of working with China on global energy transitions. Organized by the Raoul Wallenberg Institute and Dialogue Earth, the event was the final part of a series on China’s growing role in development across Latin America, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Europe.
Held in June at the Swedish National China Centre, the “Global China and Just Transitions” workshop examined how countries can collaborate with China on renewable energy while addressing environmental, social, and security concerns. Participants noted that while China dominates renewable energy manufacturing and supply chains, cooperation must balance investment opportunities with national security and ethical standards.
Sweden’s new foreign investment screening system was cited as an example of this balancing act. Of more than 1,600 investment applications reviewed since late 2023, one major Chinese-backed project—a planned anode factory in northern Sweden—was blocked after failing to meet security conditions.
Discussions also highlighted experiences from Southeast Asia and Africa, where China plays a key role in solar, wind, and hydropower projects. Participants noted that while Chinese technology supports energy access, limited local involvement in decision-making can reduce environmental and social benefits.
Despite growing caution, experts agreed that collaboration with China remains essential for achieving global climate goals. As one Swedish participant summarized, “The challenge is not whether to work with China, but how to do so responsibly.”
